Epidemiological Profile of Maternal and Infant Mortality in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background

Maternal and infant mortality remain critical public health challenges in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Understanding the epidemiological profile of these deaths is essential for developing effective interventions.

Objective To evaluate the epidemiological profile of maternal and infant mortality in LMICs, identifying key trends and risk factors.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases for studies published between 2000 and 2023. Inclusion criteria focused on maternal and infant mortality statistics in LMICs. Data were extracted on mortality rates, demographic factors, and associated risk factors. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models to calculate pooled mortality rates.

Results: The analysis included 50 studies covering over 1 million births. The pooled maternal mortality ratio was 342 per 100,000 live births, while the infant mortality rate was 41 per 1,000 live births. Key risk factors identified included inadequate access to healthcare, low educational levels, and socio-economic status. Notably, regions in Sub-Saharan Africa exhibited the highest mortality rates.

Conclusions Maternal and infant mortality rates in LMICs remain alarmingly high, influenced by multifaceted socio-economic and healthcare access factors. Targeted interventions focusing on improving healthcare access and education are crucial to reduce these mortality rates.