Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study of Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (Review of Three Years)
Keywords:
Lung cancer, Immunohistochemical, SCLC, HistopathologyAbstract
Background:
One of the main causes of cancer related deaths in the whole world is lung cancer. Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is one of its most aggressive subtypes that grows and metastasizes fast and has a low outcome.Generally, SCLC originates in neuroendocrine cells of bronchial epithelium and is well related to smoking.
Objective: This research study offers significant information on regional epidemiology and how multidisciplinary approach plays an important role in the accurate diagnosis and treatment of SCLC.
Methods:
The retrospective cross-sectional study was analyzed based on 75 cases of SCLC detected by means of CT-guided Tru-Cut biopsy in the January 2021-October 2023 sample. The clinical data was assessed,histopathological features, and immunohistochemical phenotypes (TTF1, synaptophysin, chromogranin A, and CD56). Chi-square test to assess associations between variables.
Results:
Among 460 patients with lung cancer, we had 75 (16.3%) cases of SCLC. Most of the patients (69.3%)were men with a 2.26:1 male to female ratio, and (98.1%) of male were smokers. The majority of cases were accessed in patients equal or older than 50 yearsold with primary lung tumors in (90.7%). Central lesions were mostly solitary and localised to the right lung. Most frequent histologically (50.7%) was round cell morphology and intensive necrosis was present in (73.3%). Suspicious cases were confirmed immunohistochemically in24 (32%) of the cases.
Conclusion:
SCLC continues to be a clinical challenge that is extremely aggressive and is much more likely to be found at a late stage of diagnosis. Mostly present in the group of the older smoking men, Effective management of the patients requires timely diagnosiswith high index of suspicion both clinically and radiologically, based on the histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry.
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